The Most Common & Serious Poisons Of Cats

In 2020, the American Animal Poison Control Center (APCC) published its data on poisonings in cats. It’s the best information we have on household dangers to our feline friends.

From a cat-owner’s perspective, it contain two important lists: the top 5 reported poisonings and the top 20 fatalities. As you’ll see, these are quite different.

The Top 5 Poisons Of Cats

1. Lilies, typically as cut flowers in vases
2. Spot-on permethrin flea treatments made for dogs
3. Glow sticks or jewellery (ie, dibutyl phthalate)
4. Ibuprofen (Nurofen®, Advil® etc)
5. Dracaena plants (Lucky Bamboo most commonly)

These are good to know, and easy to prevent.

Serious as they are, only Dracaena appears in the next list. You’ll see it’s mentioned as well in my guide to safe plants for a cat garden.

The Top 20 Most Fatal Cat Poisons

The APCC have also listed their known fatalities in order of the percent of reported cats that died. I’ve linked each poison to its relevant Wikipedia page if you want to read more. See my comments afterwards.

Fatal Poisons Of Cats	% Fatal	What is it?
Bifenthrin	67	Insecticide mostly for termites & ants
Borax	60	Insecticide mostly in ant baits
Metronidazole*	60	Antibiotic used in cats
Nitrogen	55	Possibly nitrogenous fertliiser
Bromethalin	55	Rat poison (not Australia)
Methimazole*	50	Cat medication
Minoxidil	47	Human medication
DEET	46	Insect repellent
Ethylene glycol	45	Engine coolant antifreeze
S-methoprene	41	Cat flea treatment
Sulfurated lime solution	40	Old mite & ringworm treatment
Selamectin*	39	Cat medication
Dracaena spp	35	‘Lucky bamboo’ & others
Meloxicam*	35	Cat & human medication
Pyrethrin (nonspecific)	30	Generally dog flea products
Acetaminophen	28	‘Paracetamol’ in Australia
Multivitamin*	27	Cat & human medication
Enrofloxacin*	26	Cat medication
Tramadol hydrochloride*	25	Cat & human medication
Mirtazapine*	24	Cat & human medication

Key Findings

This list helps us understand which are the toxins of greatest importance. It even highlights two that haven’t been on our radar before. These are:

• Bifenthrin: used in Australia in a long-acting residual form to control outdoor pests. Cats are probably being poisoned when it gets on their bodies and they lick it off.
• Minoxidil: a liquid medicine for human male-pattern hair loss sold as Regaine®. Contact with cats caused respiratory and cardiac failure.

The others are less surprising, and mostly self-explanatory. But we haven’t finished yet…

Problems With The List

The APCC works by taking reports directly from the public. Therefore, while it gives us a unique insight directly into US homes, it is also badly affected by misreporting and misattribution.

All the drugs marked with an asterisk (*) are commonly used medications of cats. In every case it’s almost impossible that they have the fatality rates described. Some of them are being used in sick or dying cats, leading owners to blame them, not the underlying disease. Others are just so commonly used that many cats will die while taking them.

Similarly, borax is a poison generally considered to be of low toxicity. I too get many enquiries about it (Ant Rid®), but it seems mostly harmless to pets.

Therefore, here is a revised list of cat toxins, in order of toxicity.

The Top 10 USA Cat Poisons

Rank	Fatal Poisons Of Cats
1	Bifenthrin
2	Nitrogen
3	Bromethalin
4	Minoxidil
5	DEET
6	Ethylene glycol
7	Sulfurated lime solution
8	Dracaena spp
9	Pyrethrin (nonspecific)
10	Acetaminophen/paracetamol

In closing, let me say that I wrestled with whether to publish this list in light of the recent spate of baitings in Adelaide parks. However, if you look at the sorts of toxicities these are, they aren’t deliberate. They’re caused by accidental access to household poisons.

Only by knowing them can we prevent them effectively.

Swirski, A. L., Pearl, D. L., Berke, O., & O’Sullivan, T. L. (2020). Companion animal exposures to potentially poisonous substances reported to a national poison control center in the United States in 2005 through 2014. Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 257(5), 517-530

By Andrew Spanner BVSc(Hons) MVetStud, a vet in Adelaide, Australia. These blogs are from a series regularly posted on email and Twitter. Subscribe via email here to never miss a story!
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